Parts of the computer

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 It is classified in the way likes,

  • Input device
  • Output device
                    Input Device
Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs and commands into a computer is called an input device.

 Some of them are 

Keyboard:- A keyboard is an input device that has typewriter likes keys which when pressed are used to enter data into computer systems. 

Desktop computer keyboards typically have 101 to 105 keys. A desktop keyboard, in addition to having alphanumeric keys (0-9 and A-Z), is equipped with following types of keys:

  • Arrows keys and keyboard-cursor movement keys, namely: _,-,$, Home, End, Pg Up, Pg Dn.
  • Function keys, namely: F1,F2,......, and F12.
  • Text editing keys, namely: Backspace Delete, and Insert.
  • Modifier keys, namely: Shift, Ctlr(Control), and Alt(Alter).
  • Enter, Pinter Scrn (Print Screen), Scroll Lock, Caps Lock, and pause.
We make use of the following conventions in our book while using a keyboard -
  • Strike the <X> key means: Press and release the<X> key in quick succession. 
  • Strike theb key combinition <Ctrl+X> means: Press the <Ctrl> key and hold it down, strike the <X> key, and then release the <Ctrl> key.  
  • Strike the key combinition <Shift+X> means: Press the <Shift> key and hold it down, strike the <X> key, and then release the <Shift> key.
  • Strike the key combinition <Alt+X> means: Press the <Alt> key and hold it down, strike the <X> key, and then release the <Alt> key. 
Keyboard

Notice the three LED indicators Num Lock, Caps Lock, and Scroll Lock. When you boot the computer, the LED indicator Num Lock is on and other two LED indicators (Caps Lock and Scroll Lock) are off.

The keys Caps Lock, Num Lock, and Scroll Lock are toggle switches. Every time you strike such key (i.e., Lock key), the corresponding LED indicator turns on or off alternately.    

 The group of few keys on right side is termed as "numeric keypad" ( see the figure of keyboard ). When Num Lock is on, then the keys on numeric keypad can be used to type the number; and when Num Lock is off, then keys on the numeric keypad can be used as narrow keys. 

If Caps Lock is on, and you strike the <A> key then the letter 'A' (uppercase) is displayed on the screen. If Caps Lock is off, and if you strike the <A> key then the letter 'a' (lowercase) is displayed on the screen.

On some keys, two item are printed. For example, the item'@' and '2' are printed on the same key. If you strike any such key then the lower item is displayed on the screen. But if you strike the key combinition <Shift+2> only then upper item '@' is displayed on the screen.

If windows is loaded, and if you strike the <Print Scrn> key then the image of screen is sent to clipboard viewer. You can paste this image in suitable document simply by choosing Edit/ Paste.

Enter key is also called as Return key. If you strike the Enter key then keyboard-cursor is sent to the beginning of a fresh line. In many text editiors, Enter keystrokeis used to begin a new paragraph. 

If you strike the Delete key then the character on the the right side of the keyboard-cursor is erased. If you strike the Backspace key then the  character on the left side of the keyboard-cursor is erased.

If you struck any key inadvertently (including the Enter key) then strik the Backspace key to erase the effect of unwanted key.   

Esc(Escape) key is used for coming out of troublesome situation. If a dialog-box or menu is displayed on the screen, and if you strike the Esc key, then that dialog-box or menu disappears from the screen.

Mouse:- A computer mouse is a handheld input device that controls a cursor on the computer screen and is used to move the select text, icons, files, and folders.

Mouse

The mouse is a placed on a flat surface such as a mouse pad or a desk and is placed in the front of computer. it generally consists of two or three buttons and a wheel. 

Scanner:- A Scanner or a Opitical Scanner is a hadware input device that optically "reads" an image and convert it into a digital image. For example, a scanner may be ussed to convert a printed picture, drawing or document (hard copy) into a digital file which can be edited on a computer. 

Flatbed Scanner 

Scanners come in hand-held, feed-in, and flatbed types and for sacnning black-and-white only or color images.

Hand-held Scanner

Microphone:- Sometime abbreviated as a mic or a mike, a microphone is an input hardware device that allows computer users to input audio into their computers.

Microphone

It is used for audio/video chatting, voice recording, voice recognition, computer gaming, etc.

Camera/Webcam:- A webcam is hardware camera and input device that connects to a computer and the internet and capture either still picture or motion video of a user or an object.
Webcam

Webcams come with software that needs to be installed on the computer. Unlike a digital camera, a webcam does not have any bulit-in storage. Instead, it is always connected to a computer and uses the computer hard drive as its storage. 

Joystick:- A joystick is an input device that allows the user to control a character or machine in a computer program, such as a computer game. 
Joystick

It is a hand-held lever that pivots on one end and transmits its coordinates to the computer. It generally includes extra buttons for additional functionality.

                Output Device 
Output devices are hardware components that convey information to the user. Some commonly used output devices are monitors, speakers, and printers.
        
Some of them are

Monitor:- Also referred to as a video display terminal (VDT) or video display unit (VDU), a monitor is an output device that displays video, images and text. 

Like most early TVs, the first computer monitors comprised of a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) and a fluorescent screen and displayed everything in black and white.

Today, all monitors are created using flat panel display technology, usually backlit with LEDs or LCDs that give a colour output. 

The sharpennes of the image displayed on a monitor depends on the resolution and the size of the monitor. Resolution is the number of  pixel (individual points of color) contained on a monitor and is expressed in terms of the number of pixels present on the horizontal axis and on the vertical axis.  

The resolution of a typical these days is 1366 X 768 pixels. It means, the picture on the screen is divided in a grid that consists of 1366 vertical lines and 768 horizontal lines. More the pixels, better the quality of the image.




Comments

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23 November 2023 at 05:03
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