The Generation of Computer

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Over the years computer have envol-ved a lot technologically and can be classified into different generation. 

The First Generation (1950s)

:- The main defining feature of the first generation of computer was that vaccum tubes wee used internal computer components.


Because of these vaccum tubes, the computer was vey large, recquired lot of energy, and suffered with heat and maintenance problem.

Further, the vaccum tubes had a short life span and needed to be replaced continuously. 

The Second Generation (1960s)

:- The second generation computer were characterized by the presence of transistors that repalced the vaccum tubes.

Transistor were capable of perfoming many of the same tasks as vaccum tubes but were only a fraction of size.

The other main improvment of this period was development of computer languages. 

Third Generation of Computer (1970s)

:- In 1965 the first integrated circuit    (IC) was development in which a complete circuit of hundereds of components was placed on a single silicon chip 2-3 mm size. 



~ Computer using this IC's soon replaced transistor based machines. 

~ Again, one of the major advantages was size, with computers becoming more powerful and at the same time much smaller and cheaper. An added advantage of smaller size is that electrical signals have much shorter distance to travel and so the speed of computers increased.

The Fourth Generation (1980s)            :- Large-scale integration was achieved wherein equivalent of thousands of integrated circuit were crammed into a single silicon chip. 

~ This development again increased computer performance (specially realeability and speed) whilst reducing computer size and cost. 

~ Around this time the first general-purpose microprocessor became available on a single chip. In 1975 Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)   took the process one step further. 

~ Complete computer central processors could now be built into one chip. The microprocessor was born.


The Fifth Generation (late 1990s-Present)
:- The main characteristics of the 5G machine was that they incorporate the features of Artificial Intelligen - cy, Expert System, and Natural Language. 

Artificial Intelligence

~ The goal was to produce machines that are capable for performing task in similar ways to humas, are capable of learning, and are capable of interacting with humans in natural language and preferably using both speech input (speech recognition) and speech output (speech synthesis).

~ These goals have not yet Benn fully realised, although significant progress has been made towards various aspects of these goal.


     





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