How Electric current flow through wire ??

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Flow Of Electric Current 
Electric current flows through a wire as a result of the movement of electric charges, typically electrons. For current to flow, there must be a potential difference (voltage) across the wire and a closed path (circuit) for the electrons to travel. Here's a detailed explanation:



Electric current is the flow of charged particles, primarily electrons, in a conductor. In metals, which are the most common conductors, the outer electrons of atoms are loosely bound and free to move. These free electrons are the charge carriers responsible for electric current.

Current is measured in amperes (A), which represent the quantity of charge passing a point in the wire per unit time. One ampere is equivalent to the flow of one coulomb of charge per second.


For current to flow, there must be a driving force—this is provided by a voltage source, like a battery or power supply. The voltage creates an electric field within the conductor. This field exerts a force on the free electrons, causing them to drift in the direction opposite to the electric field (since electrons are negatively charged).

The voltage, or potential difference, essentially "pushes" the electrons through the wire, creating a current.


The wire itself must be made of a conductive material, like copper or aluminum, which has many free electrons. These materials allow electrons to move more easily than in insulators, where electrons are tightly bound to atoms. The conductivity of a material is a measure of how well it allows the flow of electric current.


As electrons move through the wire, they encounter resistance, which is a measure of how much the material opposes the flow of current. Resistance causes some energy to be lost as heat. Ohm’s Law, , describes the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R). Higher resistance results in less current for a given voltage.


Although electrons move rapidly in random directions, the overall drift velocity of electrons in a wire under the influence of an electric field is relatively slow. The electric field propagates nearly instantaneously along the wire, causing all electrons to start moving, though the actual motion of individual electrons is slower.


There are two types of current: direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). In DC, electrons flow in one direction, while in AC, the direction of electron flow alternates periodically.

In summary, electric current flows through a wire due to the movement of free electrons in response to an electric field created by a voltage source. The current is influenced by the material's conductivity, the applied voltage, and the resistance of the wire.


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