INFOTECH

 It is classified in the way likes, Input device Output device                     Input Device Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs and commands into a computer is called an input device.  Some of them are  Keyboard :-   A keyboard is an input device that has typewriter likes keys which when pressed are used to enter data into computer systems.  Desktop computer keyboards typically have 101 to 105 keys. A desktop keyboard, in addition to having alphanumeric keys (0-9 and A-Z), is equipped with following types of keys: Arrows keys and keyboard-cursor movement keys, namely: _,-,$, Home, End, Pg Up, Pg Dn. Function keys, namely: F1,F2,......, and F12. Text editing keys, namely: Backspace Delete, and Insert. Modifier keys, namely: Shift, Ctlr(Control), and Alt(Alter). Enter, Pinter Scrn (Print Screen), Scroll Lock, Caps Lock, and pause. We make use of the following conve...

 A computer performs the following three operations in sequence. It provides data and instructions from the input device. Processes the data as per instructions. Provide the result (output) in a desired form.  Computer Processing A computer usually contain the following components: Input Unit: It reads information from input devices such as keyboard ,or a scanner and sand it to the processing unit. Input Unit Output Unit: It display the processed information to the user through output devices such as a monitor or a printer or a speaker. Output Unit Central Processing Unit(CPU): It is the part of the computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program. It is the unit that reads and executes program instructions. The CPU consist of Storage or Memory unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the Control Unit.  CPU Storage or Memory Unit: Also known as the primary storage or main memory, it store data, program instructions, internal results andb final output temporar...

 Application of computer is derived in such way:           ~  Home            ~ Shop/Offices           ~  Railay station and Airports           ~ Hotels             ~ Schools           ~  Banks           ~ Hospital ~ Home: Computers are present in  almost all homes nowadays and are  used for different purpose like  entertainment (plaaying games,  listening to music, watching a movie), browsing the interne, shopping, etc.  Home   ~ Shops/Offices: Computer are commonly found in almost all shops and offices in different towns and cities. People use computers to maintain the stock of the goods they want to sell, to create bills and invoices, for taxation purposes, etc. Offices ~ Railway station and Airports: Computers are installed...

Over the years computer have envol-ved a lot technologically and can be classified into different generation.   The First Generation (1950s) :-   The main defining feature of the first generation of computer was that vaccum tubes wee used internal computer components. Because of these vaccum tubes, the computer was vey large, recquired lot of energy, and suffered with heat and maintenance problem. Further, the vaccum tubes had a short life span and needed to be replaced continuously.  The Second Generation (1960s) :- The second generation computer were characterized by the presence of transistors that repalced the vaccum tubes. Transistor were capable of perfoming many of the same tasks as vaccum tubes but were only a fraction of size. The other main improvment of this period was development of computer languages.  Third Generation of Computer (1970s) :- In 1965 the first  integrated circuit    (IC) was development in which a complete circuit of ...

                 SOFTWARE     :- Hardware is of no  use on its own. Hardware needs to be operated by a set of instructions. These set of instuctions are refered to as  software. ~ It is that component of a computer system, which we cannot touch or view physically.                                                           It comprises the instructions and data to be processed using the computer hardware. ~ The computer software and hardware complete any task together.  ~  Each software is written for some computational purpose . EXAMPLE:- system like Ubuntu or Windows 7/10, Microsoft word, VLC player, photo editor etc.. ~     A  document or image stored on the hard dis...

                DATA CAPTURING :- Process of gathering data from different sources in the digital form EXAMPLES-  Keyboards, Barcode readers, comments or posts over social media, remote sensors on an earth orbiting satelite etc...                 DATA STORAGE :- It is the process of storing the captured data for processing lat                                         In large organisations, computers with larger and faster storage called data servers  are deployed to store vast amount of data.                 DATA RETRIVEAL :- It involves fetching data from the storage devices, for its processing as per the user requirements. DELETION and RECOVERY of DATA :- In case data deleted accidentally or corrupted, there a...

     DATA AND INFORMATION :- A computer  system considers everything as data, be it instruction, pictures, songs videos, documents etc.                                    Sometimes people use the terms data, information and knowledge inter changeabley which is incorrect. Computer system has many input devices, which provide it with raw data in the form of facts.                                                     It may be alphanumeric ( A to Z), 1,2,3,4....,@,#, etc. =   There are three types of data. ( A ) STRUCTURED DATA  :-  Data which follows a strict record structure and is easy to comprehend is called structured data. ~  Such data with pre-specified tabular   format may be stored in a data file to  ...

MICROCONTROLLER :-The microcontroller is a small computing device which has a CPU, a fixed amount of RAM, ROM and other peripherals all embeded on a single chip as compared to microprocessor that has only a CPU on the chip. Examples of microcontrollers are :-   KEYBOARD, MOUSE, WASHING MACHINE, DIGITAL CAMERA,  PENDRIVE, REMOTE CONTROLLER, MICROWAVE etc. Because of very small size of the microcontroller, it is embeded in another device or system to perform a specifc functionality. The simple use of microcontroller has permitted repetitive execution of tedious tasks automatically without any human intervention, therby saving precious time.